1 - ADD without carry

Addition without carry

The ADD instruction performs an addition without carry. Any overflow from the addition will be passed on to the carry flag.

1.1 - ADD r without carry

Addition of a register without carry

7	6	5	4	3	2

\(A \longleftarrow A + r\)
ADD A, r
1	0	0	0	0	r

Registers
Register	r
B	000
C	001
D	010
E	011
H	100
L	101
A	111

Flags Affected

Flags

s

z

-

h

-

s

set if result negative

z

set if result is 0

h

set if carry from bit 3

Opcode Matrix

	A	B	C	D	E	H	L
A	ADD A,A 8714	ADD A,B 8014	ADD A,C 8114	ADD A,D 8214	ADD A,E 8314	ADD A,H 8414	ADD A,L 8514

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Register

1.2 - ADD n without carry

Addition of a number without carry

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

\(A \longleftarrow A + n\)
ADD A, n
1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	C6
n

Flags Affected

Flags

s

z

-

h

-

p/v

-

c

s

set if result negative

z

set if result is 0

h

set if carry from bit 3

p/v

set if overflow

c

set if carry from bit 7

Opcode Matrix

	n
A	ADD A,n C6nn27

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Implicit

1.3 - ADD (dd) without carry

Addition of memory without carry

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

\(A \longleftarrow A + (HL)\)
ADD A, (HL)
1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	86

\(A \longleftarrow A + (IX+d)\)
ADD A, (IX+d)
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	86
d

\(A \longleftarrow A + (IY+d)\)
ADD A, (IY+d)
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	86
d

Flags Affected

Flags

s

z

-

h

-

p/v

-

c

s

set if result negative

z

set if result is 0

h

set if carry from bit 3

p/v

set if overflow

c

set if carry from bit 7

Opcode Matrix

	(HL)	(IX+d)	(IY+d)
A	ADD A,(HL) 8617	ADD A,(IX+d) DD86nn319	ADD A,(IY+d) FD86nn319

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Memory

1.4 - ADD ss to HL without carry

Addition without carry

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

\(HL \longleftarrow HL + dd\)
ADD HL, dd
0	0	dd		1	0	0	1

\(IX \longleftarrow IX + pp\)
ADD IX, pp
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
0	0	pp		1	0	0	1

\(IY \longleftarrow IY + mm\)
ADD IY, mm
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
0	0	mm		1	0	0	1

Registers
Value	dd	mm	pp
00	BC	BC	BC
01	DE	DE	DE
10	HL	IY	IX
11	SP	SP	SP

Flags Affected

Flags

s

z

-

h

-

c

s

set if result negative

z

set if result is 0

h

set if carry from bit 11

c

set if carry from bit 15

Opcode Matrix

	BC	DE	HL	SP	IX	IY
HL	ADD HL,BC 09111	ADD HL,DE 19111	ADD HL,HL 29111	ADD HL,SP 39111
IX	ADD IX,BC DD09215	ADD IX,DE DD19215		ADD IX,SP DD39215	ADD IX,IX DD29215
IY	ADD IY,BC FD09215	ADD IY,DE FD19215		ADD IY,SP FD39215		ADD IY,IY FD29215

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Register

2 - ADC Add with Carry

Addition with carry

The ADC instruction performs an addition with carry. If carry is set then it will be included in the calculation whilst any overflow from the addition will be passed on to the carry flag.

2.1 - ADC 8 bit add with Carry

Addition with carry

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

\(A \longleftarrow A + r + Carry\)
ADC A,r
1	0	0	0	1	r

\(A \longleftarrow A + n + Carry\)
ADC A,n
1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	CE
n

\(A \longleftarrow A + (HL) + Carry\)
ADC A, (HL)
1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	8E

\(A \longleftarrow A + (IX+d) + Carry\)
ADC A, (IX + d)
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	8E
d

\(A \longleftarrow A + (IY+d) + Carry\)
ADC A, (IY + d)
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	8E
d

Registers
Register	r
B	000
C	001
D	010
E	011
H	100
L	101
A	111

Flags Affected

Flags

s

z

-

h

-

p/v

-

c

s

set if result negative

z

set if result is 0

h

set if carry from bit 3

p/v

set if overflow

c

set if carry from bit 7

Opcode Matrix

	A	B	C	D	E	H	L	(HL)	(IX+d)	(IY+d)	n
A	ADC A,A 8F14	ADC A,B 8814	ADC A,C 8914	ADC A,D 8A14	ADC A,E 8B14	ADC A,H 8C14	ADC A,L 8D14	ADC A,(HL) 8E17	ADC A,(IX+d) DD8Enn319	ADC A,(IY+d) FD8Enn319	ADC A,n CEnn27

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Register		Memory		Implicit

2.2 - ADC 16 bit add with Carry

Addition with carry

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

\(HL \longleftarrow HL + ss + Carry\)
ADC HL, dd
1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	ED
0	1	dd		1	0	1	0

Registers
Value	dd
00	BC
01	DE
10	HL
11	SP

Flags Affected

Flags

s

z

-

h

-

p/v

-

c

s

set if result negative

z

set if result is 0

h

set if carry from bit 11

p/v

set if overflow

c

set if carry from bit 15

Opcode Matrix

	BC	DE	HL	SP
HL	ADC HL,BC ED4A215	ADC HL,DE ED5A215	ADC HL,HL ED6A215	ADC HL,SP ED7A215

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Register

3 - SUB Subtract without Carry

Subtraction without Carry

\(A \longleftarrow A - s\)

This s operand is any of r, n, (HL), (IX+d), or (IY+d).

These possible op code/operand combinations are assembled as follows in the object code:

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

SUB r
1	0	0	1	0	r

SUB n
1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	D6
n

SUB (HL)
1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	96

SUB (IX+d)
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	96
d

SUB (IX+d)
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	96
d

Registers
Register	r
B	000
C	001
D	010
E	011
H	100
L	101
A	111

Flags Affected

Flags

s

z

-

h

-

p/v

-

c

s

set if result negative

z

set if result is 0

h

set if borrow from bit 4

p/v

set if overflow

c

set if borrow

Opcode Matrix

	A	B	C	D	E	H	L	(HL)	(IX+d)	(IY+d)	n
A	SUB A,A 9714	SUB A,B 9014	SUB A,C 9114	SUB A,D 9214	SUB A,E 9314	SUB A,H 9414	SUB A,L 9514	SUB A,(HL) 9617	SUB A,(IX+d) DD96nn319	SUB A,(IY+d) FD96nn319	SUB A,n D6nn27

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Register		Memory		Implicit

4 - SBC Subtract with Carry

Subtraction with Carry

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

\(A \longleftarrow A - r - Carry\)
SBC A, r
1	0	0	1	1	r

\(A \longleftarrow A - n - Carry\)
SBC A,n
1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	DE

\(A \longleftarrow A - (HL) - Carry\)
SBC A, (HL)
1	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	9E

\(A \longleftarrow A - (IX+d) - Carry\)
SBC A, (IX+d)
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
1	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	9E
d

\(A \longleftarrow A - (IY+d) - Carry\)
SBC A, (IY+d)
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
1	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	9E
d

\(A \longleftarrow A - ss - Carry\)
SBC HL, ss
1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	ED
0	1	dd		0	0	1	0

Registers
Register	r
B	000
C	001
D	010
E	011
H	100
L	101
A	111

Registers
Value	dd
00	BC
01	DE
10	HL
11	SP

Flags Affected

Flags

s

z

-

h

-

p/v

-

c

s

set if result negative

z

set if result is 0

h

set if borrow from bit 4

p/v

set if overflow

c

set if borrow

Opcode Matrix

	A	B	C	D	E	H	L	(HL)	(IX+d)	(IY+d)	n	BC	DE	HL	SP
A	SBC A,A 9F14	SBC A,B 9814	SBC A,C 9914	SBC A,D 9A14	SBC A,E 9B14	SBC A,H 9C14	SBC A,L 9D14	SBC A,(HL) 9E17	SBC A,(IX+d) DD9Enn119	SBC A,(IY+d) FD9Enn119	SBC A,n DEnn27
HL												SBC HL,BC ED42215	SBC HL,DE ED52215	SBC HL,HL ED62215	SBC HL,SP ED72215

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Register		Memory		Implicit

5 - AND

Binary AND

\(A \longleftarrow A \land s\)

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

AND r
1	0	1	0	0	r

AND n
1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	E6
n

AND(HL)
1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	A6

AND (IX+d)
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	A6
d

AND (IY+d)
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	A6
d

Registers
Register	r
B	000
C	001
D	010
E	011
H	100
L	101
A	111

Flags Affected

Flags

s

z

-

h

-

p/v

-

c

s

set if result negative

z

set if result is 0

h

set

p/v

set if overflow

c

reset

Opcode Matrix

	A	B	C	D	E	H	L	(HL)	(IX+d)	(IY+d)	n
A	AND A,A A714	AND A,B A014	AND A,C A114	AND A,D A214	AND A,E A314	AND A,H A414	AND A,L A514	AND A,(HL) A617	AND A,(IX+d) DDA6nn319	AND A,(IY+d) FDA6nn319	AND A,n E6nn27

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Register		Memory		Implicit

6 - OR

Binary OR

\(A \longleftarrow A \lor s\)

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

OR r
1	0	1	1	0	r

OR n
1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	F6
n

OR (HL)
1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	B6

OR (IX+d)
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	B6
d

OR (IY+d)
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	B6
d

Registers
Register	r
B	000
C	001
D	010
E	011
H	100
L	101
A	111

Flags Affected

Flags

s

z

-

h

-

p/v

-

c

s

set if result negative

z

set if result is 0

h

reset

p/v

set if overflow

c

reset

Opcode Matrix

	A	B	C	D	E	H	L	(HL)	(IX+d)	(IY+d)	n
A	OR A,A B714	OR A,B B014	OR A,C B114	OR A,D B214	OR A,E B314	OR A,H B414	OR A,L B514	OR A,(HL) B617	OR A,(IX+d) DDB6nn319	OR A,(IY+d) FDB6nn319	OR A,n F6nn27

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Register		Memory		Implicit

7 - XOR

Binary Exclusive OR

\(A \longleftarrow A \oplus s\)

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

XOR r
1	0	1	0	1	r

XOR n
1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	EE
n

XOR (HL)
1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	AE

XOR (IX+d)
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	AE
d

XOR (IY+d)
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	AE
d

Registers
Register	r
B	000
C	001
D	010
E	011
H	100
L	101
A	111

Flags Affected

Flags

s

z

-

h

-

p/v

-

c

s

set if result negative

z

set if result is 0

h

reset

p/v

set if overflow

c

reset

Opcode Matrix

	A	B	C	D	E	H	L	(HL)	(IX+d)	(IY+d)	n
A	XOR A,A AF14	XOR A,B A814	XOR A,C A914	XOR A,D AA14	XOR A,E AB14	XOR A,H AC14	XOR A,L AD14	XOR A,(HL) AE17	XOR A,(IX+d) DDAEnn319	XOR A,(IY+d) FDAEnn319	XOR A,n EEnn27

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Register		Memory		Implicit

8 - INC Increment

Increment by 1

INC increments either an 8-bit register or an 16-bit register pair.

8.1 - INC 8-bit Increment

Increment 8-bit register by 1

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

\(s \longleftarrow r + 1\)
INC r
0	0	r			1	0	0

\((HL) \longleftarrow (HL) + 1\)
INC (HL)
0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	34

\((IX+d) \longleftarrow (IX+d) + 1\)
INC (IX+d)
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	34
d

\((IY+d) \longleftarrow (IY+d) + 1\)
INC (IY+d)
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	34
d

Registers
Register	r
B	000
C	001
D	010
E	011
H	100
L	101
A	111

Flags Affected

Flags

s

z

-

h

-

p/v

-

s

set if result negative

z

set if result is 0

h

set if carry from bit 3

p/v

set if register was 0x7F before operation, reset otherwise

Opcode Matrix

	A	B	C	D	E	H	L	(HL)	(IX+d)	(IY+d)
Op	INC A 3C14	INC B 0414	INC C 0C14	INC D 1414	INC E 1C14	INC H 2414	INC L 2C14	INC (HL) 34111	INC (IX+d) DD34nn323	INC (IY+d) FD34nn323

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Register		Memory

8.2 - INC 16-bit Increment

Increment 16-bit register pair by 1

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

\(dd \longleftarrow dd + 1\)
INC qq
0	0	dd		0	0	1	1

\(IX \longleftarrow IX + 1\)
INC IX
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	23

\(IY \longleftarrow IY + 1\)
INC IY
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	23

Registers
Value	dd
00	BC
01	DE
10	HL
11	SP

Flags Affected

None.

Opcode Matrix

	BC	DE	HL	SP	IX	IY
Op	INC BC 0316	INC DE 1316	INC HL 2316	INC SP 3316	INC IX DD23210	INC IY FD23210

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Register

9 - DEC Decrement

Decrement

DEC decrements either an 8-bit register or an 16-bit register pair.

9.1 - DEC 8-bit Decrement

Decrement

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

\(r \longleftarrow r - 1\)
DEC r
0	0	r			1	0	1

\((HL) \longleftarrow (HL) - 1\)
DEC (HL)
0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1

\((IX+d) \longleftarrow (IX+d) - 1\)
DEC (IX+d)
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	35
d

\((IY+d) \longleftarrow (IY+d) - 1\)
DEC (IY+d)
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	35
d

Registers
Register	r
B	000
C	001
D	010
E	011
H	100
L	101
A	111

Flags Affected

Flags

s

z

-

h

-

p/v

-

s

set if result negative

z

set if result is 0

h

set if borrow from bit 4

p/v

set if register was 0x80 before operation, reset otherwise

Opcode Matrix

	A	B	C	D	E	H	L	(HL)	(IX+d)	(IY+d)
Op	DEC A 3D14	DEC B 0514	DEC C 0D14	DEC D 1514	DEC E 1D14	DEC H 2514	DEC L 2D14	DEC (HL) 35111	DEC (IX+d) DD35nn323	DEC (IY+d) FD35nn323

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Register		Memory

9.2 - DEC 16-bit Decrement

Decrement 16-bit register pair

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

\(dd \longleftarrow dd - 1\)
DEC dd
0	0	dd		1	0	1	1

\(IX \longleftarrow IX - 1\)
DEC IX
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
0	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	2B

\(IY \longleftarrow IY - 1\)
DEC IY
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
0	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	2B

Registers
Value	dd
00	BC
01	DE
10	HL
11	SP

Flags Affected

None.

Opcode Matrix

	BC	DE	HL	SP	IX	IY
Op	DEC BC 0B16	DEC DE 1B16	DEC HL 2B16	DEC SP 3B16	DEC IX DD2B210	DEC IY FD2B210

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Register

10 - CP

Comparison

\(A - s\)

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0

CP r
1	0	1	1	1	r

CP n
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	FE
n

CP (HL)
1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	BE

CP (IX+d)
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	BE
d

CP (IY+d)
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	BE
d

Registers
Register	r
B	000
C	001
D	010
E	011
H	100
L	101
A	111

Flags Affected

Flags

s

z

-

h

-

p/v

-

c

s

set if result negative

z

set if result is 0

h

set if borrow from bit 4

p/v

set if overflow

c

set if borrow

Opcode Matrix

	A	B	C	D	E	H	L	(HL)	(IX+d)	(IY+d)	n
Op	CP A BF14	CP B B814	CP C B914	CP D BA14	CP E BB14	CP H BC14	CP L BD14	CP (HL) BE17	CP (IX+d) DDBEnn319	CP (IY+d) FDBEnn319	CP n FEnn27

Opcode Matrix Legend
Instruction Opcode hexSize bytesCycle count		Register		Memory		Implicit

Arithmetic

Table of Contents

1 - ADD without carry

1.1 - ADD r without carry

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

1.2 - ADD n without carry

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

1.3 - ADD (dd) without carry

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

1.4 - ADD ss to HL without carry

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

2 - ADC Add with Carry

2.1 - ADC 8 bit add with Carry

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

2.2 - ADC 16 bit add with Carry

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

3 - SUB Subtract without Carry

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

4 - SBC Subtract with Carry

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

5 - AND

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

6 - OR

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

7 - XOR

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

8 - INC Increment

8.1 - INC 8-bit Increment

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

8.2 - INC 16-bit Increment

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

9 - DEC Decrement

9.1 - DEC 8-bit Decrement

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

9.2 - DEC 16-bit Decrement

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix

10 - CP

Flags Affected

Opcode Matrix